Analysis

   Chemical analysis
   Macrostructure analysis

        Microstructure analysis:
   Nonmetal inclusions
   Grains size and shape
   Quantity of phases
   Distribution of grains size

        X-ray analysis:
   Phase analysis of metals
   Quantity of retained austenite
   Residual stress
   Substructure characterization
   Electron microscopy

Mechanical testing

   Tensile strength

   Bending

   Impact testing

   Fatigue

   Hardness

   Microhardness

Heat treatment

   Quenching and tempering

   Annealing

   Gas carbonitriding

   Carburization (nitrocarburization)

   Nitriding

   Oxidation